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Hot Topics of the Day are picked by experts to capture the latest information and publications on public health genomics and precision health for various diseases and health topics. Sources include published scientific literature, reviews, blogs and popular press articles.

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22 hot topic(s) found with the query "Liver disease"

Clinical Application of Different Liquid Biopsy Components in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
J Xu et al, JPM, April 15, 2024 (Posted: Apr 15, 2024 2PM)

From the abstract: "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, usually occurring in the background of chronic liver disease. HCC lethality rate is in the third highest place in the world. Patients with HCC have concealed early symptoms and possess a high-level of heterogeneity. Once diagnosed, most of the tumors are in advanced stages and have a poor prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity of existing detection modalities and protocols are suboptimal. HCC calls for more sophisticated and individualized therapeutic regimens. Liquid biopsy is non-invasive, repeatable, unaffected by location, and can be monitored dynamically. It has emerged as a useable aid in achieving precision malignant tumor treatment."

Population Screening for Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Video Webinar, UNC Precision Public Health Network, (Posted: Mar 20, 2024 7AM)

From the website: " Current data suggest that 1 in 300 non-Hispanic White individuals in the United States carry a genetic variation in the HFE gene (C282Y homozygosity) that accounts for most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). This variation can lead to iron overload and life-threatening complications, such as severe liver disease. However, complications are preventable with early diagnosis and periodic phlebotomies to remove excess iron from the body. In this CDC webinar, speakers discussed how knowledge about HH has evolved since the discovery of the HFE gene in 1997, current opportunities for clinical and public health action to prevent disease, and future research priorities to advance case detection and reduce clinical complications from HH. "

A gene-by-sex interaction contributes to liver disease susceptibility in women
Nature Medicine, October 2, 2023 (Posted: Oct 02, 2023 11AM)

From the abstract: "Clinical and population-based cohorts revealed an interaction between the inherited PNPLA3 p.I148M variant and female sex in determining liver disease. Transcriptomic and functional studies showed that the mechanism encompasses ERa-dependent upregulation of PNPLA3 in hepatocytes, highlighting a target for precision medicine therapeutics in cisgender women. "

Acute respiratory distress syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection on young adult population: International observational federated study based on electronic health records through the 4CE consortium
B Moal et al, PLOS ONE, Jan 4, 2023 (Posted: Jan 05, 2023 5AM)

Among the 75,377 hospitalized patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR, 1001 young adults presented with ARDS (7.8% of young hospitalized adults). Their mortality rate at 90 days was 16.2% and they presented with a similar complication rate for infection than older adults with ARDS. Peptic ulcer disease, paralysis, obesity, congestive heart failure, valvular disease, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and liver disease were associated with a higher risk of ARDS. We described a high prevalence of obesity (53%), hypertension (38%- although not significantly associated with ARDS), and diabetes (32%).

Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes in Vaccinated Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative Study
J Ge et al, MEDRXIV, February 26, 2022 (Posted: Feb 27, 2022 10AM)

Evidence Used to Update the List of Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe COVID-19
CDC Science Brief, October 14, 2021 Brand (Posted: Oct 16, 2021 8AM)

Chronic lung disease (including bronchiectasis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, tuberculosis) and chronic liver disease (including cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis) were added September 2021 based on evidence published between December 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021 using the updated review methods outlined below. Mental health disorders (such as mood disorders including depression, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders) were added September 2021 based on evidence published between December 1, 2019 and August 31, 2021. No conditions were removed from the previous underlying medical conditions list.

Hype or hope?
Nature Rev Microbiology, November 12, 2019 (Posted: Nov 14, 2019 8AM)

The microbiota is booming — the number of studies mentioning ‘microbiome’ or ‘microbiota’ in their title or abstract grew from 11 in 1980 to over 13,000 in 2018. Almost any human disease you can think of has proposed links with the microbiome: inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, autism, Alzheimer disease..

Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that can cause severe liver disease and other health problems Brand (Posted: Oct 23, 2018 4PM)

Appropriateness and yield of surveillance colonoscopy in first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients: A 5-year follow-up population-based study.
Armelao Franco et al. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2018 Feb (Posted: Mar 21, 2018 5PM)

Liver fat content, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and ischaemic heart disease: Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis of 279 013 individuals
D Kobber et al, Eur Heart J, Dec 8, 2017 (Posted: Dec 13, 2017 8AM)

Clinical penetrance in hereditary hemochromatosis: estimates of the cumulative incidence of severe liver disease among HFE C282Y homozygotes
SD Grosse et al. Genetics in Medicine, August 3, 2017 (Posted: Aug 03, 2017 2PM)

Gut microbiota and hepatitis-B-virus-induced chronic liver disease: implications for faecal microbiota transplantation therapy.
Kang Y et al. The Journal of hospital infection 2017 Aug (4) 342-348 (Posted: Jul 27, 2017 7PM)

Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Liver Disease Progression in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients.
Medrano Luz M et al. AIDS reviews (1) 3-15 (Posted: Jun 26, 2017 2PM)

The genetics of alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver disease.
Stickel Felix et al. Journal of hepatology 2017 Jan (1) 195-211 (Posted: Jan 24, 2017 11AM)

KHA-CARI Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Guideline: Management of Polycystic Liver Disease.
Savige Judy et al. Seminars in nephrology 2015 Nov (6) 618-622.e5 (Posted: Jan 06, 2016 5PM)

Genetics of Alcoholic Liver Disease.
Anstee Quentin M et al. Seminars in liver disease 2015 Nov (4) 361-74 (Posted: Dec 21, 2015 3PM)

Inflammasome activation and function in liver disease.
Szabo Gyongyi et al. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Jun 9. (Posted: Jul 01, 2015 2PM)

Genetics of liver disease: From pathophysiology to clinical practice.
Karlsen Tom H et al. J. Hepatol. 2015 Apr (1S) S6-S14 (Posted: Jun 10, 2015 11AM)

PNPLA3 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Predisposition to and Severity of Alcoholic Liver Disease.
Salameh Habeeb et al. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun (6) 846-56 (Posted: Jun 10, 2015 11AM)

Iceland lays bare its genomes - Population-wide study points to genetic link to Alzheimer's liver disease,
Science News, March 26 (Posted: Mar 30, 2015 8AM)

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
From NHLBI health topic site Brand (Posted: Jan 11, 2014 11AM)

What Is Alpha-1 antitrypsin (an-tee-TRIP-sin) deficiency, or AAT deficiency, is a condition that raises your risk for lung disease (especially if you smoke) and other diseases. Some people who have severe AAT deficiency develop emphysema (em-fi-SE-ma)?often when they're only in their forties or fifties. Emphysema is a serious lung disease in which damage to the airways makes it hard to breathe. A small number of people who have AAT deficiency develop cirrhosis (sir-RO-sis) and other serious liver diseases. Cirrhosis is a disease in which the liver becomes scarred. The scarring prevents the organ from working well. In people who have AAT deficiency, cirrhosis and other liver diseases usually occur in infancy and early childhood. A very small number of people who have AAT deficiency have a rare skin disease called necrotizing panniculitis (pa-NIK-yu-LI-tis). This disease can cause painful lumps under or on the surface of the skin. This article focuses on AAT deficiency as it relates to lung disease. Overview Alpha-1 antitrypsin, also called AAT, is a protein made in the liver. Normally, the protein travels through the bloodstream. It helps protect the body's organs from the harmful effects of other proteins. The lungs are one of the main organs that the AAT protein protects. AAT deficiency occurs if the AAT proteins made in the liver aren't the right shape. They get stuck inside liver cells and can't get into the bloodstream. As a result, not enough AAT proteins travel to the lungs to protect them. This increases the risk of lung disease. Also, because too many AAT proteins are stuck in the liver, liver disease can develop. Severe AAT deficiency occurs if blood levels of the AAT protein fall below the lowest amount needed to protect the lungs. AAT deficiency is an inherited condition. "Inherited" means it's passed from parents to children through genes. Doctors don't know how many people have AAT deficiency. Many people who have the condition may not know they have it. Estimates of how many people have AAT deficiency range from about 1 in every 1,600 people to about 1 in every 5,000 people. Outlook People who have AAT deficiency may not have serious complications, and they may live close to a normal lifespan. Among people with AAT deficiency who have a related lung or liver disease, about 3 percent die each year. Smoking is the leading risk factor for life-threatening lung disease if you have AAT deficiency. Smoking or exposure to tobacco smoke increases the risk of earlier lung-related symptoms and lung damage. If you have severe AAT deficiency, smoking can shorten your life by as much as 20 years. AAT deficiency has no cure, but treatments are available. Treatments often are based on the type of disease you develop.

Polycystic liver disease
From NCATS Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center Brand (Posted: Jan 01, 2011 0AM)


Disclaimer: Articles listed in Hot Topics of the Day are selected by Public Health Genomics Branch to provide current awareness of the scientific literature and news. Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.
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